Cholesterol appears on every health checkup report, but do you really understand it? This article breaks down HDL vs LDL in plain language.
What Exactly Is Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every corner of your bloodstream. Your liver produces it naturally, and you also get it from food.
Don't panic when you hear "cholesterol." In fact, your body needs cholesterol to function properly — it helps build cell membranes, produce vitamin D, and create certain hormones.
Good vs Bad Cholesterol
Cholesterol travels through your blood on proteins called lipoproteins. There are two main types:
| Type | Function | Target |
|---|---|---|
| HDL (Good) | Acts like a scavenger, carrying excess cholesterol back to the liver | Higher is better, aim for ≥ 40 mg/dL |
| LDL (Bad) | Deposits on artery walls, forming plaque | Lower is better, aim for < 100 mg/dL |
Remember it this way: HDL's H stands for "Healthy," and LDL's L stands for "Lousy."
Which Foods Affect Cholesterol?
- Raises LDL: Red meat, full-fat dairy, fried foods, processed foods
- Boosts HDL: Fatty fish (salmon, tuna), nuts, olive oil, oats
- Dietary cholesterol has less impact than saturated fats
What If Your Numbers Are High?
If your checkup shows elevated cholesterol, don't panic. Start with lifestyle changes: reduce saturated fat, exercise more, and manage your weight. If there's no improvement after 3-6 months, your doctor may consider statin medication.
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